360-degree video is typically recorded using either a special rig of multiple cameras, or using a dedicated camera that contains multiple camera lenses embedded into the device, and filming overlapping angles simultaneously. Through a method known as video stitching, this separate footage is merged into one spherical video piece, and the colour and contrast of each shot is calibrated to be consistent with the others. This process is done either by the camera itself, or using specialized video editing software that can analyze common visuals and audio to synchronize and link the different camera feeds together. Generally, the only area that cannot be viewed is the view toward the camera support.
360-degree video is typically formatted in an equirectangular projection[8] and is either monoscopic, with one image directed to both eyes, or stereoscopic, viewed as two distinct images directed individually to each eye for a 3D effect. Due to this projection and stitching, equirectangular video exhibits a lower quality in the middle of the image than at the top and bottom.
Specialized omnidirectional cameras and rigs have been developed for the purpose of filming 360-degree video (invented in 2013), including camera rigs, GoPro’s Omni and Odyssey (which consist of multiple action cameras installed within a frame), and the All-In-One VR cameras such as Vuze Camera, Nokia OZO, Kandao Obsidian, There have also been handheld dual-lens cameras such as Ricoh Theta S, Samsung Gear 360, Garmin VIRB 360, and the Kogeto Dot 360—a panoramic camera lens accessory developed for the iPhone 4, 4S, and Samsung Galaxy Nexus.
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